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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

TECHNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN PAMPAS DEER ANTLERS FROM THE CENTER OF THE HUMID PAMPAS, ARGENTINA

EVIDENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS EN ASTAS DE VENADO DE LAS PAMPAS EN EL CENTRO DE LA PAMPA HÚMEDA, ARGENTINA

María Clara Álvarez

Antler remains of Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) are frequently recorded in the sites located in the center of the Argentinian Humid Pampas. These materials, however, are usually scarce and, in general, they are only collaterally mentioned in the archaeological literature. This article presents the analysis of antler remains from two archaeological sites -Empalme Querandíes 1 and Calera-. Results indicate that these elements were used with technological purposes. However, some parts of the antler (the tines) are not the more diagnostic ones to identify this behavior. This is because a large part of the modifications that are classified as “of cultural origin” also occur in the animal’s life. The bases, on the other hand, can present evidence of abrasion and flake negatives, which could be good indicators of the use of these elements as tools. In this study, several specimens with modifications, which could have been used as soft hammers, were identified. Finally, the technique that was used in the obtaining of blanks would have been débitage by segmentation.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE “ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECT”

UNA DESCRIPCIÓN FENOMENOLÓGICA DEL “OBJETO ARQUEOLÓGICO”

José María Vaquer

In this paper I present a phenomenological description of the “archaeological object” from the perspective of Husserl ́s phenomenology. For this philosopher, there are no differences between the ways things appear to our experience and this being. Therefore, phenomenological description implies an ontological categorization of the “archaeological object” which in many cases remains implicit and slips into the interpretations we make of the past. From this methodology, I suggest that the “archaeological object” takes its sense from three horizons (the “lifeworld” of researchers, the “academic world” to which we belong and temporality), and, therefore, it’s “giving itself” is always relative. This relativity implies the impossibility of totalization and closure, and constitutes a first step in recognizing our theoretical assumptions and performed a Critical Archaeology that dialogues with alternative interpretations of the past.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL OCCUPATION IN CORRAL GRANDE (ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA, CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA)

CONTEXTO PALEOAMBIENTAL PARA LA OCUPACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA EN CORRAL GRANDE (ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA, CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA)

Pablo Tchilinguirian, Lorena Grana and Daniel Olivera

This paper aims to reconstruct the palaeohydrological changes in Corral Grande (Antofagasta de la Sierra Department, Catamarca Province, Argentina), relating the formation and growth of a paleowetland with the hydrological balance in the high catchment area. This study provides, therefore, an environmental context for human occupation in this region. To this end, geomorphology, sedimentology, and microfossil (diatoms) analyses as well as radiocarbon datings were carried out in the confluence of Mojones and Los Nacimientos streams. Results indicate that between ca. 2000-1800 BP the rivers were permanent and the floodplains, where the Formative occupation occurred, had organic soils and a shallow water table. Between ca. 1800 and 300 BP the paleowetlands were eroded and/or were covered by sediments associated with debris flows. This environment was sometimes contemporary with the occupation of the Late Inca Period, and the settlements were located in geoforms away from the paleowetland. Later, between ca. 300 and 240 BP, the Mojones river developed new, but less extensive, paleowetlands, and were shortly after deteriorated and retracted upstream.

paleohydrology

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

THE PARADOX BETWEEN CULTURE AND REALITY: THE CHALLENGE OF RAISING MAPUCHE BOYS AND GIRLS IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN CHILE

LA PARADOJA ENTRE CULTURA Y REALIDAD: EL ESFUERZO DE CRIAR NIÑOS Y NIÑAS MAPUCHE EN COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS DE CHILE

Ana M. Alarcón, Marcela Castro G., Paula Astudillo D. and Yolanda Nahuelcheo S.

35% of the population in the Araucanian region of Chile is Mapuche and lives mainly in rural areas. This paper focuses on the development of Mapuche indigenous children and how their families cope with raising them in a territory characterized by poverty and socio-political conflicts. It is an ethnographic study carried out in Mapuche rural communities (Temuco, Ercilla, Lumaco, Collipulli). Sixty people participated by sharing their experiences through in-depth interviews. The results showed that raising and protecting children is a social and cultural endeavor for the entire community. This is a critical task due to historical political and social constraints. Their culture, history and language strengthen their Mapuche identity and resistance to colonialism. Mapuche families face the paradox of teaching Mapuche culture within an environment of hostility and Chilean ethnocentrism.

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Written by Super User. Posted in Papers - English

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES OF SEX: THE KNOWLEDGE OF SEX WORKERS IN THE STREETS OF IQUIQUE

PRÁCTICAS PROFESIONALES DEL SEXO: EL SABER DE LAS TRABAJADORAS SEXUALES EN LAS CALLES DE IQUIQUE

Jacqueline Espinoza-Ibacache and Lupicinio Íñiguez-Rueda

In the present article we identify the denominations, definitions and ways of doing of women who practice professional sex in the streets of Iquique (the capital of the Tarapacá Region, northern Chile). We have adopted an ethnomethodological perspective, which focuses on the methods used by social actresses to give meaning to their actions, to carry out an ethnography that included observations and in-depth interviews with sex workers from the streets of Iquique. We argue that these social actresses refer to professional sex practices a work; however, the moralizing and legal actions of the context contribute to their being defined as a delegitimized social practice. This definition has an impact on these sex workers’ ways of doing things regarding the management of their family relationships, the management of public and private space, gender relations, and uses of language. By focusing on the production of tiny strategies and procedures, which allow these workers to resist on a daily basis, we do not intend to normalize their precariousness, but rather to point out that their agency gives us a privileged point of view on how to challenge the limits of hegemonic patterns that define the feminine.

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