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20185002(en)/12 - Other Ends of the Worlds. Seca and Drought in Conflict

OTHER ENDS OF THE WORLDS. SECA AND DROUGHT IN CONFLICT

FINES DE MUNDOS “OTROS”. SECA Y SEQUÍA EN CONFLICTO

Bernarda Marconetto and Mariano Bussi

As recently highlighted by Danowski and Viveiros de Castro (2014), global climate change is feared in the modern West as the largest and most certain threat to the world. To open possibilities of reflection in the face of this current context, it is necessary to attend to other “ends of the world” that anthropology is able to bring to the discussion. “Collapse” and “climate change” are not new topics in archaeological debates. We seek to explore possible intersections between archaeology and ethnography from our particular research. Our reflection is based on the archaeological studies, using paleoenvironmental data, of the “end of the Aguada occupation” in the Ambato Valley (Catamarca, Argentina) and on an ethnographic study among current residents of the area. We will take from the ethnographic study the native notion of “seca”, understood as a state of constant reduction of the intensities of diverse spheres of local life, and its implications for archaeology.

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20185002(en)/13 - Reflection of Clergymen and Friars about Indigenous Deportations in the Conquest of Paraguay between 1542 and 1575

REFLECTION OF CLERGYMEN AND FRIARS ABOUT INDIGENOUS DEPORTATIONS IN THE CONQUEST OF PARAGUAY BETWEEN 1542 AND 1575

REFLEXIONES DE CLÉRIGOS Y FRAILES SOBRE LAS DEPORTACIONES INDÍGENAS EN LA CONQUISTA DEL PARAGUAY ENTRE 1542 Y 1575

Guillaume Candela

The indigenous deportations in the colonial America, also known as rancheadas in the Province of Paraguay, appeared very soon in the epistolary exchanges between the New World and the mother country. The vehement denunciation of the mistreatment of the natives of the continent by some members of the Church, including Brother Bartolome de las Casas, led to a set of new regulations by the Crown. In the Province of Paraguay, despite the absence of mineral wealth, an uncontrolled practice of indigenous service developed. Among the multiple and very diverse complaints of the priests stands out the practice of rancheadas. This paper discusses this practice highlighting its causes and consequences during the conquest of the Province of Paraguay between 1541 and 1575.

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A LATE ARCHAIC ENCLAVE IN THE GUALAGUALA COASTAL SPRING (ATACAMA DESERT, NORTHERN CHILE)

UN ENCLAVE ARCAICO TARDÍO EN LA AGUADA COSTERA DE GUALAGUALA (DESIERTO DE ATACAMA, NORTE DE CHILE)

Benjamín Ballester, Estefanía Vidal, Elisa Calás, Francisco Gallardo, Patricio Aguilera, Constanza Pellegrino and Alejandro Clarot

We present an initial report of recent excavations of a settlement with stone architecture near the city of Mejillones, on the Atacama Desert coast, dated to 5000 cal. BP. Through analysis of its material assemblage, we discuss the strategy of import to
the site of a production geographically extended over different environments on the littoral and the desert. This, together with
collective labor and the presence of human interments underneath the floors of the enclosures, could account for a settlement
pattern with stable residential camps. We discuss this

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ISOTOPIC STUDY OF MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL RESOURCES IN THE PREHISTORY OF THE ATACAMA DESERT

ESTUDIO ISOTÓPICO DEL CONSUMO DE RECURSOS MARÍTIMOS Y TERRESTRES EN LA PREHISTORIA DEL DESIERTO DE ATACAMA

Charlotte L. King, Bernardo T. Arriaza, Vivien G. Standen, Andrew R. Millard, Darren R. Gröcke, Iván Muñóz and Siân E. Halcrow

This paper presents the results of isotopic analysis of prehistoric diet in the Arica region. Using δ13C and δ15N values obtained from human collagen we evaluate changes in dietary patterns from the early agricultural period (Formative 3500-1500 BP) through to Inka occupation (Late period 550-400 BP). In particular, we examine the impact of maize consumption in the area during periods of major social interaction with the political centres of the Andean highlands. Our results show the continuation of broadspectrum and marine resource use, rather than a shift to maize-reliance during prehistory. In addition, we compare and contrast our data with previously published work from other Andean regions. We demonstrate biogeographical variation in resource use, probably influenced by the political centres of Wari, Tiwanaku and later the Inka Empire. Contrastingly, results from incremental isotopic analysis of dentine collagen from the Arica infant populations indicate that maize was an important resource for infantweaning, and comprises a more obvious portion of childhood diet than that of adults.

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MANUFACTURE OF COPPER ORE BEADS IN ATACAMA (CHILE) DURING THE MIDDLE HORIZON (CA. 400-1000 AD): NEW CONTEXTUAL EVIDENCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS FROM EXPERIMENTAL ARCHEOLOGY

MANUFACTURA DE CUENTAS DE MINERAL DE COBRE EN ATACAMA (CHILE) DURANTE EL PERÍODO MEDIO (CA. 400-1.000 DC): NUEVAS EVIDENCIAS CONTEXTUALES Y APORTES DESDE LA EXPERIMENTACIÓN ARQUEOLÓGICA

Helena Horta Tricallotis and Wilfredo Faundes Catalán

This article presents the results of contextual research and archaeological experimentation carried out in relation to the social and ritual role played by the manufacture of copper ore objects (beads, pendants and plaques, mainly), and their various
contexts of use in the Atacama salt flat for the Middle Horizon (ca. 400-1000 AD). Our analysis - focused on the comprehensive observation of the elements that made up the burial offerings of Quitor 6 cemetery in San Pedro de Atacama - throws light
on the renewed importance gained by this industry during the Middle Horizon. At the same time, it reveals hitherto unknown details about the specialization and differential distribution of lapidary manufacture within the Atacamenian society. Through the application of archaeological experimentation, the original function of a wooden artifact has been established, which turns out to be the base or support used specifically for the drilling of beads. New information is also presented about certain funerary ritual gestures associated with copper ore, data that reinforce the special bond that existed for thousands of years between the mineral, the Atacamenian communities (ayllus) and the objects offered to their ancestors or deities. We consider that this set of evidence strongly suggests that the population buried in Quitor 6 cemetery could correspond to a group specialized in copper ore lapidary manufacture.

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