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20225502(en)/10 - Becoming Object, Becoming Subject. Sentient Materialities in Amerindian Ethnography

BECOMING OBJECT, BECOMING SUBJECT. SENTIENT MATERIALITIES IN AMERINDIAN ETHNOGRAPHY

DEVENIR OBJETO, DEVENIR SUJETO. MATERIALIDADES SENSIBLES EN LA ETNOGRAFÍA AMERINDIA

Antonela Dos Santos, Emilio Robledo, Gabriel Rodrigues Lopes, Sonia Sarra, Valentín Mansilla, Maximiliano Varela, Rodrigo Porsella, Celeste Medrano y Florencia Tola

In this paper, we use the ethnographic material from our anthropological research among various Indigenous peoples of Argentina and Brazil to reflect on the scope and limitations of terms such as “material culture”, “object”, “thing”, or “artifact”. We begin by describing the assumptions and characteristics of each of these terms. We then present ritual artifact bodies and the Amerindian conceptualization of the body as an object of constant production and transformation in which humans and non-humans intervene. These reflections lead us to argue that if the human body is a collectively produced object, then the distinction between subject and object must be discussed. Finally, we ask what the objects produce, that is, what are the effects of their existence on everyday Indigenous life. In the Amerindian contexts in which we conduct our research, different items are conceptualized as things, subjects, or objects depending on the interactions of which they are a part. In fact, categories such as “object” and “subject” do not have an invariable content but vary according to the specific relationships that need to be described as ethnographic.

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20185001(en)/10-Discriminating Functions to Estimate Sex from Long Bones in Colonial Populations of the Central West of Argentina

FUNCIONES DISCRIMINANTES PARA ESTIMAR SEXO A PARTIR DE HUESOS LARGOS EN POBLACIONES COLONIALES DEL CENTRO OESTE DE ARGENTINA

DISCRIMINATING FUNCTIONS TO ESTIMATE SEX FROM LONG BONES IN COLONIAL POPULATIONS OF THE CENTRAL WEST OF ARGENTINA

Daniela Alit Mansegosa, Pablo Sebastián Giannotti, Horacio Chiavazza and Gustavo Barrientos

Incomplete skeletons and commingled human bones constitute a significant volume of recovered material in American colonial temples. This poses the need to perform procedures that allow the sexual assignment of each element in order to deepen various types of bioanthropological studies. The objective of this work is to develop discriminant functions to estimate sex from long bones in a sample recovered in three colonial temples of Mendoza (Argentina) from the 17-18TH centuries. The sample contains 61 adult individuals (complete primary burials) with sex determined from pelvic and cranial indicators. In each case, a set of measurements of the humerus, radius, ulna, clavicle, tibia and femur was taken to generate discriminant functions. The functions thus developed allowed to estimate the sex with a high degree of reliability. The femur (92.1%) and the humerus (90%) were the elements with higher average percentages of correct estimates, and with higher percentages in males than in females. The ulna (79.3%), clavicle (79.2%), tibia (75.9%) and radius (73.3%) obtained a lower classification ability. The results are discussed considering the genetic, environmental, and taphonomic factors of the studied sample.

 

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20185001(en)/09-Mobility and Habitation in Chiloé: Changes, Discontinuities and Continuities in the Mobility Practices of the Inhabitants of the Chiloé Archipelago in Southern Chile

MOBILITY AND HABITATION IN CHILOÉ: CHANGES, DISCONTINUITIES AND CONTINUITIES IN THE MOBILITY PRACTICES OF THE INHABITANTS OF THECHILOÉ ARCHIPELAGO IN SOUTHERN CHILE

LA MOVILIDAD Y EL HABITAR CHILOTE. CAMBIOS, RUPTURAS Y CONTINUIDADES EN LAS PRÁCTICAS DE MOVILIDAD COTIDIANA DE LOS HABITANTES DEL ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE CHILOÉ, EN EL SUR AUSTRAL DE CHILE

Alejandra Lazo and Diego Carvajal

Taking Cresswell’s concept of constellation as a starting point, and through research carried out in the Chiloé Archipelago in southern Chile, this study suggests that it is possible to identify different types of mobility constellations that vary from traditional forms regulated atmospherically and seasonally, and expressed in the collective and reciprocal dimensions, to more proletarianized mobilities, which are faster and more urban. The hypothesis that there are diverse constellations in tension that constitute “the current habitation in Chiloé” will be discussed. Ultimately, the daily mobility of the Chiloé inhabitants will be understood based on its changes, tensions and continuities, as revealing aspects of the political, economic and social transformations that have taken place over the last decades in this insular territory.

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20185001(en)/08-Disciplining Space, Territorializing Obedience. The Politics of Reduction and Denaturalization of the Diaguitas-Calchaquíes (17th Century)

DISCIPLINING SPACE, TERRITORIALIZING OBEDIENCE. THE POLITICS OF REDUCTION AND DENATURALIZATION OF THE DIAGUITAS-CALCHAQUÍES(17TH CENTURY)

DISCIPLINAR EL ESPACIO, TERRITORIALIZAR LA OBEDIENCIA. LAS POLÍTICAS DE REDUCCIÓN Y DESNATURALIZACIÓN DE LOS DIAGUITAS-CALCHAQUÍES (SIGLO XVII)

Christophe Giudicelli

The province of Tucumán was a theatre of permanent confrontation during its first century. The resistance of the Diaguitas-Calchaquíes Indians stalled all colonial attempts to settle in the inter-Andean valleys. The Hispano-Criollos progressively implemented a radical strategy aiming to end indigenous autonomy and to integrate that unyielding enclave into the nation: the denaturalization of the Indians and their total or partial relocation into a disciplined and controlled space.

This paper follows the development of these disciplining politics intended to achieve control over populations characterized by heteronomy, since the moment they were caught in the social and territorial reorganization of colonial power. The two moments of open conflict considered in this work -the 1630-40’s “Great Uprising” and the last 1658-64 war-forced the colonial agents to reassess their forms of domination and recruitment of workers and to enforce new ways of seizing the territory and of controlling the population within more strictly disciplined socio-spatial schemes.

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20185001(en)/07-Functions and Meanings of Black Slavery in the Pampean-Mapuche Area, XVIII and XIX Centuries

FUNCTIONS AND MEANINGS OF BLACK SLAVERY IN THE PAMPEAN-MAPUCHE AREA, XVIII AND XIX CENTURIES

FUNCIONES Y SIGNIFICADOS DE LA ESCLAVITUD NEGRA EN EL ÁREA PAMPEANA-MAPUCHE, SIGLOS XVIII Y XIX

Cristián Perucci González

Taking the adventures of the runaway slave Gervasio Armas as a basis, this article analyzes the inclusion of black population in the Pampean-Mapuche society in the 18th and 19th centuries. The article focuses on the valuation and meaning of black slavery (which was the predominant condition black individuals) in Mapuche mentality, contrasting it with the Hispanic-Creole perspectives on the same phenomenon. It also outlines some ideas on the economic and political processes that allowed the emergence of the black population, noting different types of forced displacement between colonial and indigenous territories.

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